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This paper aims to propose a new method for evaluating the effect of out-of-home (OOH) gamified advertising and verify the prediction effect of the method, especially based on emotional experience generated by interactions between individuals and gamified advertisements.

By carrying out an offline gamification advertising experiment, this study uses multiple emotion models, pleasure–displeasure, arousal–no arousal and dominance–submissiveness (PAD) and Ortony–Clore–Collins, to examine the impact of 24 emotional experiences consumers have when engaging with gamified OOH advertising on the perceived effectiveness of advertising.

The findings reveal the correlation between the emotional experience and the effectiveness of gamified advertising. Multiple regression analyses demonstrate that the emotional experience model has an effective predictive effect on the effectiveness of gamified advertising.

The originality of this research is a new method for evaluating the effect of OOH gamified advertising, in particular the calculation of the valid emotional experience values brought by the emotional fluctuations in the interaction between consumers and gamified advertisements.

The results of this study have significant policy implications for charting a new course toward enhancing agricultural productivity among Chinese farmers.

By establishing a rural household decision-making model based on the transfer market of farmland operation rights, this paper systematically analyzes the effects of land transfer-in and land transfer-out on the productivity (per labor income) of rural households. The authors conducted basic regression analysis and robustness tests using propensity score-matching and proxy variable approaches based on the micro survey data from rural households in 30 counties in 21 provinces/municipalities/autonomous regions in 2013.

After the completion of land transfer, the total productivity of rural households transferring in lands will increase with an increase in the agricultural productivity; the total productivity of rural households transferring out land will increase due to a rise in non-agricultural productivity and the absolute total productivity of rural households not involved in land transfer will remain unchanged.

Unlike previous literature, this paper discusses the impacts of land transfer-in and transfer-out on total productivity, agricultural productivity and non-agricultural productivity among various rural households (i.e. those transferring in land, transferring out land or which are self-sufficient).

Driven by the Sustainable Development Goals (goals 7, 8, 12 and 13), this study investigates the moderating role of financial development in the link between energy poverty and a sustainable environment in African nations.

Panel cointegration analysis, fully modified least squares, Driscoll and Kraay least squares and method of moments quantile regression were used as estimation techniques to examine the link between financial development, energy poverty and sustainable environment for 28 African nations. Energy poverty is measured using two proxies-access to clean energy and access to electricity, while the environment is gauged using ecological footprint.

The regression outcomes show that access to clean energy and electricity negatively impacts the ecological footprint across all the quantiles; hence, energy poverty increases environmental degradation. Financial development positively influences environmental degradation in the region at the upper quantiles. Similarly, the interactive term of energy poverty and financial development has a significant positive impact on ecological footprint; thus, the financial sector adds to energy poverty and environmental degradation. The results of other variables hint that per capita income and institutions worsen environmental quality while urbanisation strengthens the environment.

This study offers fresh insights into the moderating effect of financial development in the link between energy poverty and sustainable environment in African countries.